Sailing terms: the nautical glossary with translations

365 terms of seamanship, navigation, safety and radio, each with a short definition and its equivalents in Russian, Dutch, German, French, Italian and Spanish.

How to use the glossary

The terms are the international English ones used on the radio, on charts and in the rules; the equivalents help a mixed crew or a charter abroad. A term's regional variants (British and American usage) are given where they differ. The same glossary is in the Skipperium app, linked to the articles and questions.

Terms A–Z

A

Abandon ship

Leaving the vessel for the liferaft — only when the vessel is sinking or on fire beyond control.

RU покинуть судно · NL schip verlaten · DE Schiff verlassen · FR abandonner le navire · IT abbandonare la nave · ES abandonar el buque

Accidental gybe

An uncontrolled gybe when the wind gets behind the mainsail; the boom swings across violently.

RU неуправляемый поворот фордевинд · NL klapgijp · DE Patenthalse · FR empannage involontaire · IT strambata involontaria · ES trasluchada involuntaria

Admiralty anchor

The traditional anchor with a stock, two arms and flukes; holds well but is awkward to stow.

RU адмиралтейский якорь · NL admiraliteitsanker · DE Admiralitätsanker (Stockanker) · FR ancre à jas (ancre Amirauté) · IT ancora ammiragliato · ES ancla de almirantazgo (con cepo)

Advection fog

Fog formed when warm moist air moves over a colder sea; it can persist for days.

RU адвективный туман · NL advectieve mist · DE Advektionsnebel · FR brouillard d'advection · IT nebbia da avvezione · ES niebla de advección

Aft

Towards the stern.

RU к корме, в корму · NL achter(uit) · DE achtern (achteraus) · FR à l'arrière (sur l'arrière) · IT a poppa (verso poppa) · ES a popa

Aground

Touching or resting on the bottom.

RU на мели · NL aan de grond · DE auf Grund (festgekommen) · FR échoué · IT incagliato (in secca) · ES varado (encallado)

Ahead

In front of the bow; also the forward gear of the engine.

RU вперёд, передний ход · NL vooruit · DE voraus; vorwärts (Fahrt voraus) · FR en avant (devant) · IT avanti (a prora) · ES avante (adelante)

Air intake

The opening through which the engine draws its combustion air.

RU воздухозаборник · NL luchtinlaat · DE Luftansaugung · FR prise d'air · IT presa d'aria · ES toma de aire

AIS

The automatic identification system: vessels broadcast position, course and speed on VHF.

RU автоидентификация судов (АИС) · NL AIS · DE AIS (automatisches Identifikationssystem) · FR AIS (système d'identification automatique) · IT AIS (sistema di identificazione automatica) · ES AIS (sistema de identificación automática)

AIS-SART

A search-and-rescue transmitter that sends an AIS distress position.

RU АИС-ответчик для поиска · NL AIS-SART · DE AIS-SART · FR AIS-SART · IT AIS-SART · ES AIS-SART

Alarm / buzzer

The audible warning of the engine panel: oil pressure, temperature, charging.

RU сигнал тревоги, зуммер · NL alarm · DE Alarm / Summer · FR alarme / buzzer · IT allarme / cicalino · ES alarma / zumbador

All stations

The address of a call meant for every station within range (urgency and safety calls).

RU всем станциям · NL aan alle stations · DE an alle Stationen (ALL STATIONS) · FR à toutes les stations (ALL STATIONS) · IT a tutte le stazioni (ALL STATIONS) · ES a todas las estaciones (ALL STATIONS)

All-round light

A light showing an unbroken light over an arc of 360°.

RU круговой огонь · NL rondom schijnend licht · DE Rundumlicht · FR feu visible sur tout l'horizon · IT fanale visibile su tutto l'orizzonte · ES luz todo horizonte

Almanac

The annual reference book with tide tables, lights, radio and port data.

RU морской альманах · NL almanak · DE Nautischer Almanach (Jahrbuch) · FR almanach nautique · IT almanacco nautico · ES almanaque náutico

Alongside

Moored with the side of the boat against the pontoon, quay or another boat.

RU лагом, бортом к причалу · NL langszij · DE längsseits · FR à couple (le long du quai) · IT di fianco (affiancato) · ES abarloado (de costado)

Alternator

The engine-driven generator that charges the batteries.

RU генератор · NL dynamo · DE Lichtmaschine · FR alternateur · IT alternatore · ES alternador

Anchor

The heavy hook on a chain that holds the boat to the seabed.

RU якорь · NL anker · DE Anker · FR ancre · IT ancora · ES ancla

Anchor alarm

An alarm, from the GPS, when the boat moves outside a set radius around the anchor.

RU якорная тревога · NL ankeralarm · DE Ankeralarm (Ankerwache) · FR alarme de mouillage · IT allarme ancora · ES alarma de fondeo

Anchor ball

The black ball shown forward by a vessel at anchor by day.

RU якорный шар · NL ankerbal · DE Ankerball · FR boule de mouillage · IT pallone nero (segnale di nave all'ancora) · ES bola de fondeo (marca negra)

Anchor light

The all-round white light shown by a vessel at anchor at night.

RU якорный огонь · NL ankerlicht · DE Ankerlicht · FR feu de mouillage · IT fanale di fonda · ES luz de fondeo

Anchorage

A place suitable for anchoring: shelter, holding ground, depth, swinging room.

RU якорная стоянка · NL ankerplaats · DE Ankerplatz · FR mouillage · IT ancoraggio (fonda) · ES fondeadero

Anchorage (choosing)

Selecting an anchorage: shelter from the forecast wind, good holding, enough depth at low water, swinging room, no cables.

RU выбор якорной стоянки · NL ankerplaats kiezen · DE Ankerplatz wählen · FR choix du mouillage · IT scelta dell'ancoraggio · ES elección del fondeadero

Anticyclone (High)

An area of high pressure: settled weather, light winds blowing clockwise around it (northern hemisphere).

RU антициклон · NL hogedrukgebied · DE Hochdruckgebiet (Hoch) · FR anticyclone · IT anticiclone · ES anticiclón

Apparent wind

The wind felt on the moving boat — the true wind combined with the boat's own motion.

RU вымпельный ветер · NL schijnbare wind · DE scheinbarer Wind · FR vent apparent · IT vento apparente · ES viento aparente

Astern

Behind the stern; also the reverse gear of the engine.

RU назад, задний ход · NL achteruit · DE achteraus; rückwärts (Fahrt zurück) · FR en arrière (sur l'arrière) · IT indietro (a poppavia) · ES atrás (ciar)

Autopilot

The electronic self-steering that holds a compass course.

RU авторулевой · NL stuurautomaat · DE Autopilot (Selbststeueranlage) · FR pilote automatique · IT autopilota · ES piloto automático

B

Backing (wind)

The wind direction changing anticlockwise, e.g. from west to south.

RU поворот ветра против часовой · NL krimpen · DE rückdrehender Wind · FR vent qui recule (adonne / refuse selon le bord) · IT vento che ruota in senso antiorario · ES viento que rola a la izquierda

Backstay

The wire from the masthead to the stern that holds the mast from behind; tensioned, it bends the mast and flattens the sails.

RU ахтерштаг · NL achterstag · DE Achterstag · FR pataras · IT paterazzo · ES estay de popa (backstay)

Barometer

The instrument that measures atmospheric pressure; its trend forecasts the wind.

RU барометр · NL barometer · DE Barometer · FR baromètre · IT barometro · ES barómetro

Batten

A stiff strip in a pocket along the leech that supports the sail's shape.

RU лата · NL zeillat · DE Segellatte · FR latte · IT stecca · ES sable

Battery switch

The main switch that isolates the batteries.

RU переключатель аккумуляторов · NL hoofdschakelaar · DE Batteriehauptschalter · FR coupe-batterie · IT staccabatteria · ES desconectador de baterías

Beam

The width of the boat at its widest point; “abeam” / “on the beam” means at right angles to the centreline.

RU ширина корпуса; траверз · NL breedte; dwars · DE Breite; querab · FR bau (largeur); par le travers · IT baglio (larghezza); al traverso · ES manga; por el través

Beam reach

Sailing with the wind on the beam, about 90° off the wind.

RU галфвинд · NL halve wind · DE Halbwind (raumer Kurs) · FR travers (vent de travers) · IT traverso · ES través

Bear away

To turn the bow away from the wind.

RU увалиться (от ветра) · NL afvallen · DE abfallen · FR abattre · IT poggiare · ES arribar

Bearing

The direction of an object from the boat, in degrees true, magnetic or compass.

RU пеленг · NL peiling · DE Peilung · FR relèvement · IT rilevamento · ES demora (marcación = ángulo desde la proa)

Beating

Sailing to windward on alternate tacks.

RU лавировка · NL kruisen, laveren · DE Kreuzen (Aufkreuzen) · FR louvoyer (tirer des bords) · IT bordeggiare · ES barloventear (dar bordos)

Beaufort scale

The scale of wind force 0–12, each force defined by the sea state and wind speed.

RU шкала Бофорта · NL schaal van Beaufort · DE Beaufortskala · FR échelle de Beaufort · IT scala Beaufort · ES escala de Beaufort

Bell

The sound appliance rung at anchor and aground in restricted visibility.

RU колокол · NL klok · DE Glocke · FR cloche · IT campana · ES campana

Berth

The place where a boat lies in a marina or harbour; also a bunk.

RU место у причала, бокс · NL ligplaats, box · DE Liegeplatz; Koje · FR place (poste d'amarrage); couchette · IT posto barca (ormeggio); cuccetta · ES amarre (atraque); litera

Bilge

The lowest inside part of the hull where water collects.

RU трюм, льяло · NL bilge · DE Bilge · FR cale (fond de cale) · IT sentina · ES sentina

Bilge pump

The pump that empties the bilge; manual and electric.

RU трюмная помпа · NL bilgepomp, lenspomp · DE Bilgenpumpe (Lenzpumpe) · FR pompe de cale · IT pompa di sentina · ES bomba de achique

Block

A pulley in a shell, through which a rope is led to change direction or gain power.

RU блок · NL blok · DE Block · FR poulie · IT bozzello · ES motón (polea)

Boat hook

A pole with a hook for catching lines and buoys and fending off.

RU отпорный крюк · NL pikhaak · DE Bootshaken · FR gaffe · IT mezzomarinaio (gaffa) · ES bichero

Boat length

The overall length of the hull (LOA); used in mooring fees and anchoring sums.

RU длина корпуса · NL bootlengte · DE Bootslänge (Länge über alles) · FR longueur du bateau (hors tout) · IT lunghezza della barca (fuori tutto) · ES eslora total

Bollard

The short, strong post on a quay or pontoon to which mooring lines are made fast.

RU кнехт · NL bolder · DE Poller · FR bollard (bitte) · IT bitta · ES bolardo (noray)

Boom

The horizontal spar attached to the mast that holds the foot of the mainsail; the mainsheet controls it.

RU гик · NL giek · DE Baum (Großbaum) · FR bôme · IT boma · ES botavara

Boom vang / Kicker

The tackle from the mast foot to the boom that holds the boom down and controls twist.

RU оттяжка гика · NL neerhouder · DE Baumniederholer · FR hale-bas · IT vang (caricabasso) · ES trapa (contra) · UK: kicker / kicking strap · US: boom vang

Bow

The forward end of the boat.

RU нос · NL boeg · DE Bug · FR proue (étrave) · IT prua · ES proa

Bow line

The mooring line from the bow forward to the shore.

RU носовой швартов · NL voorlandvast · DE Vorleine · FR amarre avant (pointe avant) · IT cima di prua · ES amarra de proa

Bow roller

The roller at the stem over which the anchor chain runs.

RU носовой ролик · NL ankerrol · DE Bugrolle (Ankerrolle) · FR davier · IT musone di prua · ES roldana de proa (puntera)

Bow spring

The line from the bow aft to the shore that stops the boat moving astern.

RU носовой шпринг · NL voorspring · DE Vorspring · FR garde avant (garde montante) · IT spring di prua · ES esprín de proa

Bowline

The knot that makes a fixed loop that will not slip and can be undone after loading.

RU булинь · NL paalsteek · DE Palstek · FR nœud de chaise · IT gassa d'amante · ES as de guía

Bowline (knot)

The knot that makes a fixed loop that will not slip and can be undone after loading.

RU булинь, беседочный узел · NL paalsteek · DE Palstek · FR nœud de chaise · IT gassa d'amante · ES as de guía

Breast line

A short mooring line at right angles to the boat, holding her close to the pontoon.

RU прижимной швартов · NL dwarslijn · DE Querleine (Brustleine) · FR traversier · IT traversino · ES través (amarra de través)

Broad reach

Sailing with the wind on the quarter, about 110–140° off the wind.

RU бакштаг · NL ruime wind · DE Raumschots (raumer Wind) · FR grand largue · IT lasco · ES largo (aleta)

Bucket

A bucket with a lanyard: bailing, washing, fire-fighting.

RU ведро · NL emmer · DE Pütz (Eimer) · FR seau · IT secchio (bugliolo) · ES balde (cubo)

Buoy

A floating mark moored to the seabed.

RU буй · NL boei, ton · DE Tonne (Boje) · FR bouée · IT boa · ES boya

C

Cabin

A living compartment below deck.

RU каюта · NL hut, kajuit · DE Kajüte · FR cabine · IT cabina · ES camarote

Cable

One tenth of a nautical mile, about 185 m.

RU кабельтов (0,1 мили) · NL kabellengte · DE Kabellänge · FR encablure · IT gomena · ES cable

Call sign

The unique radio identity of the ship station, assigned with the licence.

RU позывной · NL roepnaam · DE Rufzeichen · FR indicatif d'appel · IT nominativo di chiamata · ES indicativo de llamada

Cardinal mark

A mark showing on which side of it the safe water lies: N, E, S or W; yellow and black with two cones.

RU кардинальный знак · NL cardinale markering · DE Kardinalzeichen · FR marque cardinale · IT segnale cardinale · ES marca cardinal

Cast off

To let go the mooring lines and leave.

RU отдать швартовы · NL losgooien · DE ablegen (Leinen los) · FR larguer les amarres · IT mollare gli ormeggi · ES largar amarras

Chain

The anchor chain (cable); its weight gives the anchor a horizontal pull.

RU якорная цепь · NL ankerketting · DE Ankerkette · FR chaîne (chaîne d'ancre) · IT catena (dell'ancora) · ES cadena (del ancla)

Chainplate

The metal fitting on the hull to which a shroud or stay is attached.

RU вант-путенс · NL putting · DE Püttingeisen (Pütting) · FR cadène · IT landa · ES cadenote

Channel

A VHF frequency pair or single frequency identified by a number.

RU канал · NL kanaal · DE Kanal · FR canal · IT canale · ES canal

Channel 16

The international VHF distress, safety and calling channel (156.800 MHz).

RU канал 16 · NL kanaal 16 · DE Kanal 16 · FR canal 16 · IT canale 16 · ES canal 16

Chart

The nautical chart: depths, dangers, marks, lights, with the compass rose.

RU морская карта · NL zeekaart · DE Seekarte · FR carte marine · IT carta nautica · ES carta náutica

Chart datum (LAT)

The level from which charted depths and drying heights are measured — the lowest astronomical tide.

RU нуль глубин · NL reductievlak (LAT) · DE Kartennull (LAT) · FR zéro des cartes (zéro hydrographique) · IT zero idrografico (livello di riferimento) · ES datum de la carta (cero hidrográfico)

Charted depth

The depth printed on the chart, below chart datum.

RU глубина на карте · NL kaartdiepte · DE Kartentiefe · FR sonde (profondeur cartographiée) · IT profondità di carta (fondale) · ES sonda (profundidad de la carta)

Chartplotter

The electronic chart display with the boat's GPS position.

RU картплоттер · NL kaartplotter · DE Kartenplotter · FR traceur de cartes · IT plotter cartografico · ES plóter (plotter de cartas)

Child overboard

A child in the water: the same recovery as a man overboard, with a lifejacket that turns the child face up.

RU ребёнок за бортом · NL kind overboord · DE Kind über Bord · FR enfant à la mer · IT bambino a mare · ES niño al agua

Clearing bearing

A bearing of a fixed object that the boat keeps on one side of to stay clear of a danger.

RU ограждающий пеленг · NL merklijn · DE Gefahrenpeilung (Deckpeilung) · FR relèvement de sécurité · IT rilevamento di sicurezza · ES demora de seguridad

Cleat

A fitting with two horns to which a rope is made fast.

RU утка · NL kikker · DE Klampe · FR taquet · IT galloccia · ES cornamusa

Cleat hitch

The way a rope is made fast on a cleat: a round turn, figure-of-eight turns, a locking hitch.

RU крепление на утке · NL beleggen op een kikker · DE Belegen auf der Klampe · FR tour mort et nœud de taquet · IT volta di galloccia · ES amarre a cornamusa

Clew

The lower after corner of a sail, where the sheet is attached.

RU шкотовый угол · NL schoothoek · DE Schothorn · FR point d'écoute · IT angolo di scotta (bugna) · ES puño de escota

Clip on

To attach the harness tether to the jackstay or a strong point.

RU пристегнуться · NL aanlijnen · DE einpicken (anleinen) · FR s'attacher (clipper la longe) · IT agganciarsi (assicurarsi) · ES engancharse (al arnés)

Close reach

Sailing between close-hauled and a beam reach, about 60° off the wind.

RU полный бейдевинд · NL aan de wind · DE am Wind (voll und bei) · FR bon plein · IT bolina larga · ES descuartelar (de bolina abierta)

Close-hauled

Sailing as close to the wind as possible, about 40–45° off the true wind.

RU крутой бейдевинд · NL scherp aan de wind · DE hoch am Wind (hart am Wind) · FR près (au près serré) · IT bolina (di bolina stretta) · ES ceñida

Clove hitch

Two half hitches around a post or rail; quick, but it can slip or jam.

RU выбленочный узел · NL mastworp · DE Webeleinstek · FR deux demi-clés à capeler (nœud de cabestan) · IT nodo parlato · ES ballestrinque

Coast station

A land radio station of the maritime mobile service.

RU береговая станция · NL kuststation · DE Küstenfunkstelle · FR station côtière · IT stazione costiera · ES estación costera

Coastguard

The national authority that coordinates search and rescue and maritime safety.

RU береговая охрана · NL Kustwacht · DE Küstenwache · FR garde-côtes (CROSS en France) · IT Guardia Costiera · ES guardacostas (en España: Salvamento Marítimo)

Cocked hat

The small triangle formed when three position lines do not meet exactly.

RU «шляпа», треугольник погрешностей · NL driehoek bij de kruispeiling · DE Fehlerdreieck · FR chapeau (triangle d'incertitude) · IT triangolo d'errore · ES triángulo de error (sombrero)

Cockpit

The open, sunken working area at the stern where the crew sits and steers.

RU кокпит · NL kuip · DE Cockpit (Plicht) · FR cockpit · IT pozzetto · ES bañera

Cold front

The boundary where cold air pushes under warm air: squalls, veering wind, clearing sky.

RU холодный фронт · NL koufront · DE Kaltfront · FR front froid · IT fronte freddo · ES frente frío

Collision

Two vessels striking each other.

RU столкновение · NL aanvaring · DE Kollision (Zusammenstoß) · FR abordage (collision) · IT collisione · ES abordaje (colisión)

Collision mat

A sheet pulled over a hole in the hull from outside to slow the leak.

RU пластырь · NL lekzeil, aanvaringskleed · DE Leckmatte (Lecksegel) · FR paillet d'abordage (paillet d'obturation) · IT paglietto (tela da falla) · ES pallete de colisión

COLREGs

The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 — the rules of the road.

RU МППСС-72 · NL BVA, aanvaringsregels · DE KVR (Kollisionsverhütungsregeln) · FR RIPAM (règles pour prévenir les abordages en mer) · IT COLREG (regolamento per prevenire gli abbordi in mare) · ES RIPA (Reglamento para prevenir los abordajes)

Companionway

The hatch and steps leading from the cockpit down into the cabin.

RU трап в салон · NL kajuittrap · DE Niedergang · FR descente · IT tambuccio (discesa) · ES tambucho (bajada)

Compass error

The total correction between compass and true: variation plus deviation.

RU поправка компаса · NL miswijzing · DE Kompassfehler (Fehlweisung) · FR correction totale (déclinaison + déviation) · IT errore della bussola (variazione + deviazione) · ES corrección total (declinación + desvío)

Constrained by draught (CBD)

A power-driven vessel severely restricted by her draught in the available depth and width of water.

RU стеснённое своей осадкой · NL door diepgang beperkt schip · DE tiefgangbehindertes Fahrzeug · FR navire handicapé par son tirant d'eau · IT nave condizionata dal pescaggio · ES buque restringido por su calado

Coolant

The liquid in the engine's closed cooling circuit.

RU охлаждающая жидкость · NL koelvloeistof · DE Kühlflüssigkeit · FR liquide de refroidissement · IT liquido di raffreddamento · ES líquido refrigerante

Cospas-Sarsat

The international satellite system that detects 406 MHz EPIRB alerts.

RU спутники поиска и спасания · NL Cospas-Sarsat · DE Cospas-Sarsat · FR Cospas-Sarsat · IT Cospas-Sarsat · ES Cospas-Sarsat

Course

The direction in which the boat is to be steered, in degrees.

RU курс · NL koers · DE Kurs · FR cap (route) · IT rotta · ES rumbo

Course to steer

The course to steer, allowing for the tidal stream and leeway, to make good the required track.

RU курс с поправкой на течение · NL te sturen koers · DE zu steuernder Kurs · FR cap à suivre (route surface) · IT rotta da seguire (prora da tenere) · ES rumbo a gobernar

CPA / TCPA

The closest point of approach of another vessel and the time until it.

RU кратчайшее сближение и время до него · NL CPA / TCPA · DE CPA / TCPA (Passierabstand und Zeit) · FR CPA / TCPA (point de rapprochement maximal) · IT CPA / TCPA (punto di massimo avvicinamento) · ES CPA / TCPA (punto de máxima aproximación)

Crew briefing

The skipper's briefing before departure: safety gear, lifejackets, MOB, engine, the plan.

RU инструктаж экипажа · NL briefing · DE Crew-Einweisung (Sicherheitseinweisung) · FR briefing de sécurité · IT briefing dell'equipaggio · ES briefing de la tripulación

Crew list

The list of persons on board with passport data, required by harbours and customs.

RU судовая роль · NL bemanningslijst · DE Crewliste · FR liste d'équipage · IT lista dell'equipaggio (ruolo) · ES lista de tripulantes (rol)

Cross-track error (XTE)

The distance off the planned track, to port or starboard.

RU уклонение от линии пути · NL koersafwijking (XTE) · DE Kursabweichung (XTE) · FR écart de route (XTE) · IT scostamento dalla rotta (XTE) · ES desvío de la derrota (XTE)

Crossing situation

Two power-driven vessels crossing with risk of collision; the one with the other on her starboard side keeps out of the way.

RU пересекающиеся курсы · NL kruisende koersen · DE kreuzende Kurse · FR routes qui se croisent · IT rotte incrociate · ES situación de cruce

Cunningham

A line that tensions the luff of a hoisted mainsail above the tack.

RU каннингем · NL cunningham · DE Cunningham · FR cunningham · IT cunningham · ES cunningham

Cylinder (shape)

The day shape of a vessel constrained by her draught.

RU цилиндр (знак) · NL cilinder · DE Zylinder (Signalkörper) · FR cylindre (marque) · IT cilindro (segnale) · ES cilindro (marca)

D

Dan buoy

The pole buoy with a flag thrown to mark the position of a man overboard.

RU веха MOB · NL joon · DE MOB-Boje (Danbuoy) · FR bouée de repérage (perche IOR) · IT boa segnalazione uomo a mare (dan buoy) · ES boya de señalización (dan buoy)

Day shape

The black ball, cone, cylinder or diamond shown by day instead of lights.

RU знак (фигура) днём · NL dagmerk · DE Signalkörper (Tagsignal) · FR marque de jour · IT segnale diurno · ES marca diurna

Dead reckoning (DR)

The position worked up from the course steered and the distance run, without stream or leeway.

RU счислимое место · NL gegist bestek · DE Koppelort (gegisster Ort) · FR estime (point estimé) · IT punto stimato (navigazione stimata) · ES estima (punto de estima)

Deck

The horizontal surface closing the hull from above.

RU палуба · NL dek · DE Deck · FR pont · IT coperta (ponte) · ES cubierta

Deck shoes

Non-slip shoes with soft, non-marking soles.

RU палубная обувь · NL bootschoenen · DE Bootsschuhe (Deckschuhe) · FR chaussures de pont · IT scarpe da barca · ES zapatos náuticos

Depression (Low)

An area of low pressure: wind, cloud and rain; the wind blows anticlockwise around it (northern hemisphere).

RU циклон · NL lagedrukgebied · DE Tiefdruckgebiet (Tief) · FR dépression · IT depressione (ciclone) · ES borrasca (depresión)

Depth sounder

The instrument that measures the depth of water under the transducer.

RU эхолот · NL dieptemeter · DE Echolot · FR sondeur · IT ecoscandaglio · ES sonda

Deviation

The compass error caused by the boat's own magnetism; varies with heading.

RU девиация · NL deviatie · DE Deviation (Ablenkung) · FR déviation · IT deviazione · ES desvío

Diamond (shape)

The day shape of a vessel being towed when the tow exceeds 200 m, and of a towing vessel.

RU ромб (знак) · NL ruit · DE Rhombus (Signalkörper) · FR bicône (marque) · IT bicono (segnale) · ES bicono (marca)

Dipstick

The rod used to check the engine oil level.

RU щуп масла · NL peilstok · DE Ölmessstab (Peilstab) · FR jauge d'huile · IT astina dell'olio · ES varilla del aceite

Direction of buoyage

The direction, shown on the chart, in which lateral marks are read: usually entering from seaward.

RU направление ограждения · NL betonningsrichting · DE Betonnungsrichtung · FR sens conventionnel du balisage · IT direzione convenzionale del segnalamento · ES sentido convencional del balizamiento

Distress

Grave and imminent danger to a vessel or person requiring immediate assistance.

RU бедствие · NL nood · DE Not (Seenot) · FR détresse · IT soccorso (pericolo grave e imminente) · ES socorro (peligro grave e inminente)

Distress call (MAYDAY)

The call that a vessel or person is in grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.

RU вызов бедствия · NL noodoproep · DE Notruf · FR appel de détresse · IT chiamata di soccorso · ES llamada de socorro

Distress flare

A pyrotechnic signal — red hand flare, red parachute rocket or orange smoke.

RU фальшфейер, сигнальная ракета · NL vuurpijl, handstakellicht · DE Signalrakete, Handfackel · FR fusée de détresse, feu à main · IT razzo, fuoco a mano · ES bengala

Dividers

The compasses with two points used to measure distance on the chart.

RU циркуль-измеритель · NL steekpasser · DE Stechzirkel (Kartenzirkel) · FR compas à pointes sèches · IT compasso a punte fisse · ES compás de puntas

Dragging (anchor)

The anchor losing its hold and the boat drifting.

RU дрейф якоря · NL krabben (van het anker) · DE Slippen (des Ankers) · FR chasser (l'ancre chasse) · IT arare (l'ancora ara) · ES garrear

Draught

The depth of the boat below the waterline, down to the bottom of the keel.

RU осадка · NL diepgang · DE Tiefgang · FR tirant d'eau · IT pescaggio · ES calado · US: draft · UK: draught

Drizzle

Fine, light rain from stratus cloud.

RU морось · NL motregen · DE Nieselregen (Sprühregen) · FR bruine · IT pioviggine · ES llovizna

Drying height

The height above chart datum of a feature that is covered and uncovered by the tide.

RU осыхание · NL droogvalling · DE Trockenfallhöhe · FR hauteur de découvrement · IT altezza di scoprimento (fondale che scopre) · ES altura que vela (sonda que descubre)

Drying rock

A rock that is covered at high water and uncovered at low water.

RU осыхающий камень · NL droogvallende steen · DE trockenfallender Felsen · FR roche découvrante · IT scoglio che scopre · ES roca que vela

DSC

Digital selective calling: the digital alert on VHF channel 70 that starts distress, urgency, safety and routine calls.

RU цифровой избирательный вызов (ЦИВ) · NL DSC · DE DSC (digitaler Selektivruf) · FR ASN (appel sélectif numérique, DSC) · IT DSC (chiamata selettiva digitale) · ES LSD (llamada selectiva digital, DSC)

Dual watch

Listening to channel 16 and a working channel alternately.

RU двойная вахта · NL dual watch · DE Zweikanalwache (Dual Watch) · FR double veille · IT doppio ascolto · ES doble escucha

Duplex

Transmitting and receiving on two different frequencies at the same time.

RU дуплекс · NL duplex · DE Duplex · FR duplex · IT duplex · ES dúplex

E

Echo sounder

The instrument that measures the depth of water under the transducer.

RU эхолот · NL dieptemeter · DE Echolot · FR sondeur · IT ecoscandaglio · ES sonda

Emergency wreck marking buoy

A blue and yellow striped buoy marking a new wreck.

RU буй аварийного ограждения затонувшего судна · NL noodwrakmarkering · DE Notfall-Wrackzeichen · FR bouée de marquage d'épave · IT boa di segnalazione relitto · ES boya de señalización de naufragio

EPIRB

The emergency position-indicating radio beacon: a 406 MHz satellite distress beacon with GPS.

RU аварийный радиобуй (АРБ) · NL noodbaken · DE EPIRB (Seenotfunkbake) · FR RLS (radiobalise de localisation des sinistres, EPIRB) · IT EPIRB (radioboa di emergenza) · ES RLS (radiobaliza de localización de siniestros, EPIRB)

Estimated position (EP)

The dead-reckoning position corrected for tidal stream and leeway.

RU место с учётом дрейфа и течения · NL gegiste positie · DE gegisster Ort mit Strom und Abdrift · FR point estimé corrigé (courant et dérive) · IT punto stimato corretto (corrente e scarroccio) · ES posición estimada (con corriente y abatimiento)

F

False alert

A distress alert sent by mistake; it must be cancelled by voice on channel 16 at once.

RU ложный сигнал бедствия · NL vals alarm · DE Fehlalarm · FR fausse alerte · IT falso allarme · ES falsa alerta

Fender

An inflatable cushion hung over the side to protect the hull alongside.

RU кранец · NL stootwil (fender) · DE Fender · FR défense (pare-battage) · IT parabordo · ES defensa

Figure-of-eight

The stopper knot tied in the end of a sheet so that it cannot run out through the block.

RU восьмёрка (узел) · NL achtknoop · DE Achtknoten · FR nœud en huit · IT nodo Savoia (nodo a otto) · ES nudo de ocho (lasca)

Fire extinguisher

A portable extinguisher; on yachts usually dry powder, with a fire blanket in the galley.

RU огнетушитель · NL brandblusser · DE Feuerlöscher · FR extincteur · IT estintore · ES extintor

First aid kit

The medical kit on board; checked and restocked before each passage.

RU аптечка · NL EHBO-doos · DE Erste-Hilfe-Kasten · FR trousse de premiers secours · IT cassetta di pronto soccorso · ES botiquín

Fix

A position obtained from observations — bearings, transits, GPS.

RU обсервованное место · NL plaatsbepaling · DE Standort (Beobachtungsort) · FR point (point observé) · IT punto nave (punto osservato) · ES situación observada (posición)

Fog signal

The sound signal made in or near an area of restricted visibility.

RU туманный сигнал · NL mistsein · DE Nebelsignal · FR signal de brume · IT segnale da nebbia · ES señal de niebla

Foot

The bottom edge of a sail.

RU нижняя шкаторина · NL onderlijk · DE Unterliek · FR bordure · IT base · ES pujamen

Forestay

The wire from the masthead to the bow that holds the mast from the front; the headsail runs up it.

RU штаг · NL voorstag · DE Vorstag · FR étai · IT strallo (di prua) · ES estay (de proa)

Freeboard

The height of the deck edge above the waterline.

RU надводный борт · NL vrijboord · DE Freibord · FR franc-bord · IT bordo libero · ES francobordo

Fuel filter

The filter (often a water separator) in the diesel line.

RU топливный фильтр · NL brandstoffilter · DE Kraftstofffilter · FR filtre à carburant · IT filtro del carburante · ES filtro de combustible

G

Gale warning

A warning of mean wind force 8 or more, or gusts to 43 knots.

RU штормовое предупреждение · NL stormwaarschuwing · DE Sturmwarnung · FR avis de coup de vent · IT avviso di burrasca · ES aviso de temporal

Galley

The boat's kitchen.

RU камбуз · NL kombuis · DE Kombüse (Pantry) · FR cuisine · IT cucina · ES cocina

Gear lever

The lever that selects ahead, neutral or astern.

RU реверс (рычаг передачи) · NL schakelhendel · DE Schalthebel · FR inverseur (levier de marche) · IT invertitore (leva marcia) · ES inversor (palanca de marchas)

Genoa

A large headsail that overlaps the mainsail; the usual headsail of a cruising yacht.

RU генуя · NL genua · DE Genua · FR génois · IT genoa · ES génova

Give-way vessel

The vessel directed by the rules to keep out of the way of the other; she takes early and substantial action.

RU судно, обязанное уступить дорогу · NL schip dat moet uitwijken · DE ausweichpflichtiges Fahrzeug · FR navire non privilégié · IT nave che deve lasciare libera la rotta · ES buque que cede el paso · US: burdened vessel (obsolete)

GMDSS

The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System: the worldwide system of equipment, sea areas and procedures.

RU ГМССБ · NL GMDSS · DE GMDSS (weltweites Seenot- und Sicherheitsfunksystem) · FR SMDSM (système mondial de détresse et de sécurité en mer) · IT GMDSS (sistema globale di soccorso e sicurezza in mare) · ES GMDSS (Sistema Mundial de Socorro y Seguridad Marítimos)

Gong

The sound appliance used aft, with the bell, by vessels of 100 m or more at anchor.

RU гонг · NL gong · DE Gong · FR gong · IT gong · ES gong

Ground track (COG)

The direction the boat actually moves over the seabed — course over ground.

RU путь над грунтом · NL grondkoers (KOG) · DE Kurs über Grund (KüG) · FR route fond (route sur le fond) · IT rotta vera (rotta rispetto al fondo) · ES rumbo efectivo (rumbo sobre el fondo)

Group call

A DSC call addressed to a group of stations sharing a group MMSI.

RU групповой вызов · NL groepsoproep · DE Gruppenruf · FR appel de groupe · IT chiamata di gruppo · ES llamada a grupo

Guardrail / lifeline

The wire fence around the deck, on stanchions, that stops the crew going overboard.

RU леер · NL zeereling (reling) · DE Seereling (Reling) · FR filière · IT draglia (battagliola) · ES guardamancebos · US: lifeline · UK: guardrail / guardwire

Gust

A sudden short increase of wind speed.

RU порыв ветра · NL windstoot · DE Bö · FR rafale · IT raffica · ES racha

Gybing

Turning the stern through the wind; the boom swings across — control it with the mainsheet and a preventer.

RU поворот фордевинд · NL gijpen · DE Halse · FR empannage (virer vent arrière) · IT strambata (abbattuta) · ES trasluchada (virada por redondo) · US: jibe · UK: gybe

H

Halyard

The rope that hoists a sail.

RU фал · NL val · DE Fall · FR drisse · IT drizza · ES driza

Hand-bearing compass

A hand-held compass for taking bearings of objects.

RU ручной компас-пеленгатор · NL handpeilkompas · DE Handpeilkompass · FR compas de relèvement · IT bussola da rilevamento · ES compás de demoras (compás de mano)

Head (of a sail)

The top corner of a sail, where the halyard is attached.

RU фаловый угол · NL tophoek · DE Kopf · FR point de drisse (têtière) · IT penna (angolo di penna) · ES puño de driza

Head-on situation

Two power-driven vessels meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses; each alters course to starboard.

RU суда, идущие прямо друг на друга · NL recht tegen elkaar in · DE Entgegenkommende Fahrzeuge · FR navires qui se rapprochent de front · IT rotte opposte · ES situación de vuelta encontrada

Heading

The direction the bow points at this moment.

RU направление носа (курс по компасу) · NL voorliggende koers · DE Steuerkurs (Vorauskurs) · FR cap (cap compas) · IT prora · ES proa (rumbo de aguja)

Heads

The toilet compartment on a boat.

RU гальюн · NL toilet · DE Toilette (WC) · FR toilettes · IT bagno (WC) · ES baño (aseo)

Headsail

Any sail set forward of the mast: jib, genoa, storm jib.

RU передний парус (стаксель, генуя) · NL voorzeil · DE Vorsegel · FR voile d'avant · IT vela di prua · ES vela de proa

Heave to

Stopping the boat with the headsail backed and the helm to leeward, to rest or reef.

RU лечь в дрейф · NL bijliggen · DE beidrehen · FR mettre à la cape · IT mettersi alla cappa · ES ponerse a la capa (pairar)

Heel

The sideways lean of the boat under the pressure of the wind.

RU крен · NL helling (overhellen) · DE Krängung · FR gîte · IT sbandamento · ES escora

Height of tide

The height of the water above chart datum at a given moment.

RU высота прилива · NL waterhoogte · DE Gezeitenhöhe (Wasserstand) · FR hauteur de la marée (hauteur d'eau) · IT altezza di marea · ES altura de la marea

HF

High frequency (3–30 MHz): long-range radio for sea areas A3 and A4.

RU короткие волны (КВ) · NL kortegolf · DE Kurzwelle (HF) · FR HF (ondes courtes) · IT HF (onde corte) · ES HF (onda corta)

High water (HW)

The highest level reached by the tide in one cycle.

RU полная вода · NL hoogwater · DE Hochwasser · FR pleine mer · IT alta marea · ES pleamar

Holding tank

The tank that collects the toilet waste until it can be pumped out ashore.

RU сборный танк для стоков · NL vuilwatertank · DE Fäkalientank · FR cuve à eaux noires · IT serbatoio delle acque nere · ES tanque de aguas negras

Homing signal

The 121.5 MHz signal of an EPIRB that rescue craft home in on.

RU сигнал для наведения · NL peilsignaal · DE Peilsignal (Homing-Signal) · FR signal de radioralliement (121,5 MHz) · IT segnale di homing (121,5 MHz) · ES señal de radiorrecalada (121,5 MHz)

Hull

The watertight body of the boat, without the mast, rigging and deck fittings.

RU корпус · NL romp · DE Rumpf · FR coque · IT scafo · ES casco

Hypothermia

A dangerous fall of body temperature, from cold water or wind.

RU переохлаждение · NL onderkoeling · DE Unterkühlung (Hypothermie) · FR hypothermie · IT ipotermia · ES hipotermia

I

IALA region A / B

The two buoyage regions: in A (Europe, Africa, most of Asia, Australia) red lateral marks are to port entering; in B (the Americas, Japan, Korea, the Philippines) to starboard.

RU регион A / B МАМС · NL IALA-regio A / B · DE IALA-Region A / B · FR région A / B · IT regione A / B · ES región A / B

IMO

The International Maritime Organization, the UN agency for shipping safety and pollution.

RU ИМО — морская организация ООН · NL IMO · DE IMO (Internationale Seeschifffahrts-Organisation) · FR OMI (Organisation maritime internationale) · IT IMO (Organizzazione marittima internazionale) · ES OMI (Organización Marítima Internacional)

Impeller

The rubber rotor of the sea-water pump; it fails if the pump runs dry.

RU крыльчатка (импеллер) · NL impeller · DE Impeller · FR turbine de pompe (rotor) · IT girante · ES impulsor (rodete)

Isobar

A line on the weather chart joining points of equal pressure; close isobars mean strong wind.

RU изобара · NL isobaar · DE Isobare · FR isobare · IT isobara · ES isobara

Isolated danger mark

A mark on or above a small isolated danger with navigable water all round; black with red bands, two black balls.

RU знак отдельной опасности · NL afzonderlijk gevaar · DE Einzelgefahrenzeichen · FR marque de danger isolé · IT segnale di pericolo isolato · ES marca de peligro aislado

ITU

The International Telecommunication Union, the UN agency that regulates radio.

RU МСЭ — союз электросвязи ООН · NL ITU · DE ITU (Internationale Fernmeldeunion) · FR UIT (Union internationale des télécommunications) · IT ITU (Unione internazionale delle telecomunicazioni) · ES UIT (Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones)

J

Jackstay

A strong strap or wire along the deck to which the harness tether is clipped.

RU страховочный леер (джеклайн) · NL lifeline (veiligheidslijn) · DE Strecktau (Lifeline) · FR ligne de vie · IT linea di vita (jackline) · ES línea de vida · US: jackline · UK: jackstay

Jib

A headsail set on the forestay that does not overlap the mast.

RU стаксель · NL fok · DE Fock · FR foc · IT fiocco · ES foque

Jib car / lead

The adjustable car on the deck track that sets the angle of the jib sheet.

RU каретка стаксель-шкота · NL fokkenschootleider · DE Holepunkt (Schotwagen) · FR chariot d'écoute de foc · IT carrello del fiocco · ES carro de escota de foque

Jib sheet

The sheet of the headsail; led through a car to a winch on each side.

RU стаксель-шкот · NL fokkenschoot · DE Fockschot · FR écoute de foc · IT scotta del fiocco · ES escota de foque

K

Keel

The fin under the hull that resists leeway and, with its ballast, keeps the boat upright.

RU киль · NL kiel · DE Kiel · FR quille · IT chiglia · ES quilla

Knot (speed)

One nautical mile per hour.

RU узел (миля в час) · NL knoop · DE Knoten · FR nœud · IT nodo · ES nudo

L

Land breeze

The night wind blowing from the cooling land out to sea.

RU береговой бриз · NL landwind · DE Landwind · FR brise de terre · IT brezza di terra · ES brisa de tierra (terral)

Lateral mark

A mark showing the port or starboard side of a channel in the direction of buoyage.

RU латеральный знак · NL laterale markering · DE Lateralzeichen · FR marque latérale · IT segnale laterale · ES marca lateral · UK: region A: red to port · US: region B: red right returning

Latitude

The angular distance north or south of the equator, 0–90°.

RU широта · NL breedte · DE Breite (geographische Breite) · FR latitude · IT latitudine · ES latitud

Lazy jacks

Lines from the mast to the boom that catch the mainsail as it comes down.

RU лейзи-джеки · NL lazyjacks · DE Lazyjacks · FR lazy-jacks · IT lazy jack · ES lazy jacks

Leading line

Two marks or lights in line that lead safely along a channel.

RU створ · NL geleidelijn · DE Richtlinie (Richtfeuerlinie) · FR alignement · IT allineamento · ES enfilación

Lee shore

A shore onto which the wind blows — dangerous, because the boat is pushed towards it.

RU подветренный берег · NL lagerwal · DE Legerwal · FR côte sous le vent · IT costa sottovento · ES costa a sotavento

Leech

The trailing (after) edge of a sail.

RU задняя шкаторина · NL achterlijk · DE Achterliek · FR chute · IT balumina · ES baluma

Leeway

The sideways drift of the boat to leeward caused by the wind.

RU дрейф (снос ветром) · NL drift · DE Abdrift · FR dérive · IT scarroccio · ES abatimiento

Lifebuoy

A ring or horseshoe float thrown to a person in the water.

RU спасательный круг · NL reddingsboei · DE Rettungsring · FR bouée de sauvetage (couronne) · IT salvagente anulare · ES aro salvavidas · US: life ring · UK: lifebuoy

Lifejacket

A buoyancy device worn by each person that turns an unconscious wearer face up.

RU спасательный жилет · NL reddingsvest · DE Rettungsweste · FR gilet de sauvetage · IT giubbotto di salvataggio · ES chaleco salvavidas · US: PFD (personal flotation device) · UK: lifejacket

Liferaft

An inflatable raft for abandoning ship, in a canister or valise.

RU спасательный плот · NL reddingsvlot · DE Rettungsinsel · FR radeau de survie · IT zattera di salvataggio · ES balsa salvavidas

Light characteristic

The rhythm and colour of a light: Fl, Oc, Iso, Q, VQ, with period and colour.

RU характеристика огня · NL lichtkarakter · DE Kennung · FR caractéristique du feu · IT caratteristica della luce · ES característica de la luz

Link call

A telephone call connected through a coast station.

RU звонок через береговую станцию · NL gesprek via kuststation · DE Seefunkgespräch über Küstenfunkstelle · FR appel téléphonique via station côtière · IT chiamata telefonica tramite stazione costiera · ES llamada telefónica vía estación costera

Listening watch

Keeping a continuous watch on channel 16 (and DSC channel 70) while at sea.

RU вахта на приёме · NL uitluisteren · DE Hörwache · FR veille (veille permanente) · IT ascolto (ascolto continuo) · ES escucha (escucha permanente)

Lock

A chamber with gates that lifts or lowers boats between water levels.

RU шлюз · NL sluis · DE Schleuse · FR écluse · IT chiusa · ES esclusa

Logbook

The record of the passage: positions, courses, weather, events — kept regularly.

RU вахтенный журнал · NL logboek · DE Logbuch · FR livre de bord (journal de bord) · IT giornale di bordo · ES cuaderno de bitácora (diario de navegación)

Longitude

The angular distance east or west of the Greenwich meridian, 0–180°.

RU долгота · NL lengte · DE Länge (geographische Länge) · FR longitude · IT longitudine · ES longitud

Low water (LW)

The lowest level reached by the tide in one cycle.

RU малая вода · NL laagwater · DE Niedrigwasser · FR basse mer · IT bassa marea · ES bajamar

LRC

The Long Range Certificate: the operator's certificate for MF/HF and satellite equipment.

RU сертификат дальнего района · NL LRC · DE LRC (Long Range Certificate) · FR CRR (certificat restreint de radiotéléphoniste) longue portée / LRC · IT LRC (certificato a lungo raggio) · ES LRC (certificado de largo alcance)

Luff

The leading (front) edge of a sail.

RU передняя шкаторина · NL voorlijk · DE Vorliek · FR guindant · IT inferitura · ES grátil

Luff up / head up

Turning the bow towards the wind.

RU привестись · NL oploeven · DE anluven · FR lofer · IT orzare · ES orzar

M

Magnetic north

The direction the compass needle points to, differing from true north by the variation.

RU магнитный норд · NL magnetische noord · DE magnetisch Nord (missweisend Nord) · FR nord magnétique · IT nord magnetico · ES norte magnético

Mainsail

The principal sail, set on the mast and the boom.

RU грот · NL grootzeil · DE Großsegel · FR grand-voile · IT randa · ES vela mayor

Mainsheet

The sheet that controls the boom and the mainsail.

RU гика-шкот · NL grootschoot · DE Großschot · FR écoute de grand-voile · IT scotta della randa · ES escota de mayor

Making way

Moving through the water under her own propulsion.

RU имеющее ход относительно воды · NL vaart lopend · DE Fahrt durchs Wasser machend · FR ayant de l'erre · IT con abbrivio · ES con arrancada

Man overboard (MOB)

A person who has fallen into the water; the emergency and the recovery manoeuvre.

RU человек за бортом · NL man overboord · DE Mann über Bord · FR homme à la mer · IT uomo a mare · ES hombre al agua

Marina

A harbour for yachts with berths, water, power and an office.

RU марина · NL jachthaven · DE Marina (Yachthafen) · FR marina (port de plaisance) · IT marina (porto turistico) · ES puerto deportivo (marina)

MARPOL

The international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships.

RU МАРПОЛ · NL MARPOL-verdrag · DE MARPOL · FR MARPOL · IT MARPOL · ES MARPOL

Mast

The vertical spar that carries the sails.

RU мачта · NL mast · DE Mast · FR mât · IT albero · ES mástil (palo)

Masthead light

A white light on the centreline showing over an arc of 225°, from right ahead to 22.5° abaft the beam on each side.

RU топовый огонь · NL toplicht · DE Topplicht · FR feu de tête de mât · IT fanale di testa d'albero · ES luz de tope

Mayday

The spoken distress signal: grave and imminent danger, immediate assistance required.

RU сигнал бедствия · NL Mayday · DE MAYDAY (Notsignal) · FR MAYDAY (signal de détresse) · IT MAYDAY (segnale di soccorso) · ES MAYDAY (señal de socorro)

Mayday relay

A distress message relayed by a station that is not itself in distress, on behalf of the vessel in distress.

RU ретрансляция бедствия · NL Mayday relay · DE Notrufweiterleitung · FR relais de détresse · IT ritrasmissione di soccorso · ES retransmisión de socorro

Mercator projection

The chart projection on which a rhumb line is a straight line and meridians are parallel.

RU проекция Меркатора · NL mercatorprojectie · DE Mercatorprojektion · FR projection de Mercator · IT proiezione di Mercatore · ES proyección de Mercator

Message markers (SMCP)

The eight words that open a message and tell its purpose: INSTRUCTION, ADVICE, WARNING, INFORMATION, QUESTION, ANSWER, REQUEST, INTENTION.

RU маркеры сообщения · NL berichtmarkeringen · DE Nachrichtenmarker · FR marqueurs de message · IT indicatori di messaggio · ES marcadores de mensaje

MF

Medium frequency (300 kHz – 3 MHz): radio for sea area A2, with 2182 kHz for distress.

RU средние волны (СВ) · NL middengolf · DE Grenzwelle (MF) · FR MF (ondes moyennes) · IT MF (onde medie) · ES MF (onda media)

MID

The maritime identification digits: the three-digit country code at the start of an MMSI.

RU код страны в MMSI · NL MID · DE MID (Länderkennung) · FR MID (chiffres d'identification maritime) · IT MID (cifre di identificazione marittima) · ES MID (cifras de identificación marítima)

MMS

The maritime mobile service: radio between ships and between ships and coast stations.

RU морская подвижная служба · NL maritieme mobiele dienst · DE mobiler Seefunkdienst · FR service mobile maritime · IT servizio mobile marittimo · ES servicio móvil marítimo

MMSI

The nine-digit maritime mobile service identity of a station, programmed into the DSC radio.

RU номер радиостанции (ИМПС) · NL MMSI-nummer · DE MMSI (Rufnummer) · FR MMSI (identité du service mobile maritime) · IT MMSI (identificativo del servizio mobile marittimo) · ES MMSI (identidad del servicio móvil marítimo)

Mooring line

A rope that holds the boat to the pontoon or the quay.

RU швартов · NL landvast (meerlijn) · DE Festmacherleine · FR amarre · IT cima d'ormeggio · ES amarra · US: dock line · UK: mooring line / warp

MRCC

The maritime rescue coordination centre.

RU спасательно-координационный центр · NL reddingscoördinatiecentrum · DE MRCC (Seenotleitung) · FR MRCC (centre de coordination de sauvetage maritime, CROSS) · IT MRCC (centro di coordinamento del soccorso marittimo) · ES MRCC (centro coordinador de salvamento marítimo)

N

Nautical mile

1852 metres — one minute of latitude.

RU морская миля (1852 м) · NL zeemijl · DE Seemeile · FR mille marin (mille nautique) · IT miglio nautico · ES milla náutica

NAVTEX

The automatic text broadcast of navigational and weather warnings on 518 kHz.

RU НАВТЕКС · NL NAVTEX · DE NAVTEX · FR NAVTEX · IT NAVTEX · ES NAVTEX

Neaps

The tides of smallest range, near the moon's quarters.

RU квадратурный прилив · NL doodtij · DE Nipptide · FR mortes-eaux (marées de morte-eau) · IT maree di quadratura · ES mareas muertas (de cuadratura)

Notices to Mariners

The official corrections to charts and publications.

RU извещения мореплавателям · NL Berichten aan Zeevarenden · DE Nachrichten für Seefahrer · FR avis aux navigateurs · IT avvisi ai naviganti · ES avisos a los navegantes

O

Obstruction

A charted danger to navigation: a submerged object, a cable, a fish farm.

RU препятствие · NL obstructie · DE Hindernis (Schifffahrtshindernis) · FR obstruction · IT ostruzione (ostacolo) · ES obstrucción

Occluded front

A front where the cold front has caught up the warm front; rain and shifting wind.

RU фронт окклюзии · NL occlusie · DE Okklusion · FR front occlus (occlusion) · IT fronte occluso · ES frente ocluido

On-board communications

Low-power radio between portable sets on the same vessel (channels 15 and 17).

RU внутрисудовая связь · NL intraship · DE Bordverkehr (interne Kommunikation) · FR communications à bord · IT comunicazioni di bordo · ES comunicaciones a bordo

Operator’s certificate

The personal certificate (SRC / LRC) required to operate the radio.

RU сертификат оператора · NL bedieningscertificaat · DE Funkzeugnis (Betriebszeugnis) · FR certificat d'opérateur (CRR) · IT certificato di operatore · ES certificado de operador

Out

The end of the exchange; no reply expected.

RU конец связи · NL out · DE OUT (Ende) · FR OUT (terminé) · IT OUT (fine) · ES OUT (fin)

Outhaul

The line that tensions the foot of the mainsail along the boom.

RU оттяжка шкотового угла · NL uithaler (onderlijkstrekker) · DE Unterliekstrecker · FR bordure (étarqueur de bordure) · IT tesabase · ES pajarín

Over

The end of my transmission; a reply is expected.

RU приём · NL over · DE OVER (kommen) · FR OVER (à vous) · IT OVER (passo) · ES OVER (cambio)

Overtaking

Coming up on another vessel from more than 22.5° abaft her beam; the overtaking vessel keeps out of the way, whatever her propulsion.

RU обгон · NL oplopen · DE Überholen · FR rattrapage · IT sorpasso (nave che ne raggiunge un'altra) · ES alcance

P

PAN PAN

The spoken urgency signal: a very urgent message about the safety of a vessel or person.

RU сигнал срочности · NL spoed · DE PAN PAN (Dringlichkeitssignal) · FR PAN PAN (signal d'urgence) · IT PAN PAN (segnale di urgenza) · ES PAN PAN (señal de urgencia)

Phonetic alphabet

The ITU/ICAO spelling alphabet: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie…

RU фонетический алфавит · NL spellingsalfabet · DE Buchstabieralphabet (NATO-Alphabet) · FR alphabet phonétique (alphabet radio) · IT alfabeto fonetico (ICAO) · ES alfabeto fonético (OACI)

Pilot book

The sailing directions for an area: harbours, approaches, dangers, facilities.

RU лоция · NL vaargids · DE Hafenhandbuch (Seehandbuch) · FR instructions nautiques (guide nautique) · IT portolano · ES derrotero

Plotter / parallel rule

The chart instrument used to measure and lay off courses and bearings.

RU протрактор, параллельная линейка · NL plotter, parallelliniaal · DE Kursdreieck, Parallellineal · FR rapporteur (règle Cras), règle parallèle · IT squadrette, parallele · ES transportador, regla paralela

Pontoon

A floating walkway in a marina to which boats moor.

RU понтон · NL steiger · DE Steg (Schwimmsteg) · FR ponton · IT pontile · ES pantalán · US: dock / float · UK: pontoon

Port (side)

The left-hand side of the boat when facing forward; marked by the red sidelight.

RU левый борт · NL bakboord · DE Backbord · FR bâbord · IT sinistra (babordo) · ES babor · NOTE: Historically “larboard”; replaced by “port” to avoid confusion with “starboard”.

Port operations

Radio traffic about the movement of ships in port, on port operations channels.

RU портовые службы · NL havenoperaties · DE Hafenfunk (Hafenbetrieb) · FR opérations portuaires · IT operazioni portuali · ES operaciones portuarias

Position line

A line on which the boat must lie, from one bearing, transit or depth.

RU линия положения · NL positielijn · DE Standlinie · FR droite de hauteur (ligne de position) · IT linea di posizione · ES línea de posición

Power-driven vessel

Any vessel propelled by machinery — a yacht under engine is a power-driven vessel even with sails set.

RU судно с механическим двигателем · NL werktuiglijk voortbewogen schip · DE Maschinenfahrzeug · FR navire à propulsion mécanique · IT nave a propulsione meccanica · ES buque de propulsión mecánica

Preventer

A line from the end of the boom forward to the deck that stops an accidental gybe.

RU завал-таль · NL bulletalie (preventer) · DE Bullenstander · FR retenue de bôme · IT ritenuta del boma · ES retenida de botavara

Procedure words (prowords)

Standard words with a fixed meaning in radio procedure: OVER, OUT, SAY AGAIN, STAND BY, RECEIVED, CORRECTION.

RU служебные слова · NL procedurewoorden · DE Verfahrenswörter · FR mots de procédure · IT parole di procedura · ES palabras de procedimiento

Prolonged blast

A blast of from four to six seconds' duration.

RU продолжительный звук · NL lange stoot · DE langer Ton · FR son prolongé · IT suono prolungato · ES pitada larga

Propeller

The rotating blades that drive the boat.

RU гребной винт · NL schroef · DE Propeller (Schraube) · FR hélice · IT elica · ES hélice

Propeller walk (prop walk)

The sideways push of the stern from the propeller, strongest in astern.

RU отбрасывание кормы винтом · NL schroefeffect · DE Radeffekt · FR effet de pas de l'hélice · IT effetto evolutivo dell'elica · ES efecto de paso de la hélice

PTT

Press-to-talk: the transmit button of the handset.

RU тангента · NL zendknop · DE Sprechtaste (PTT) · FR pédale d'alternat (PTT) · IT pulsante di trasmissione (PTT) · ES pulsador de transmisión (PTT)

Public correspondence

Telephone and message traffic for the public passed through coast stations.

RU общественная корреспонденция · NL openbaar verkeer · DE öffentlicher Funkverkehr · FR correspondance publique · IT corrispondenza pubblica · ES correspondencia pública

Pulpit

The metal rail at the bow.

RU носовой релинг · NL preekstoel · DE Bugkorb · FR balcon avant · IT pulpito di prua · ES púlpito de proa

Pushpit

The metal rail at the stern.

RU кормовой релинг · NL hekstoel (pushpit) · DE Heckkorb · FR balcon arrière · IT pulpito di poppa · ES balcón (púlpito) de popa · US: stern rail · UK: pushpit

R

Radiation fog

Fog that forms on clear calm nights over cooling land and drifts onto the water; clears in the morning.

RU радиационный туман · NL stralingsmist · DE Strahlungsnebel · FR brouillard de rayonnement · IT nebbia da irraggiamento · ES niebla de radiación

Radio log

The record of distress, urgency and safety traffic and of tests, kept by the ship station.

RU радиожурнал · NL radiologboek · DE Funktagebuch · FR journal radio · IT registro radio (giornale radio) · ES registro radio (diario de radio)

Radio Regulations

The ITU treaty that governs the use of radio frequencies and procedures.

RU Регламент радиосвязи · NL Radioreglement · DE Vollzugsordnung für den Funkdienst (VO Funk) · FR Règlement des radiocommunications · IT Regolamento delle radiocomunicazioni · ES Reglamento de Radiocomunicaciones

Range (tide)

The difference in height between high water and the following low water.

RU величина прилива · NL getijverschil · DE Tidenhub · FR marnage · IT escursione di marea (ampiezza) · ES amplitud de la marea (carrera)

Raw-water strainer

The filter on the sea-water cooling intake.

RU фильтр забортной воды · NL koelwaterfilter · DE Seewasserfilter · FR filtre à eau de mer · IT filtro acqua di mare · ES filtro de agua de mar

Reef / reefing

Reducing the area of a sail; the sail is lowered to a reef cringle and the bunt tied down.

RU риф, рифление · NL rif, reven · DE Reff, reffen · FR ris, prendre un ris · IT terzarolo, terzarolare · ES rizo, tomar rizos

Reef knot

The flat knot used to tie the reef points; never a bend between two ropes under load.

RU рифовый узел · NL platte knoop · DE Kreuzknoten · FR nœud plat · IT nodo piano · ES nudo llano (rizo)

Restricted visibility

Fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rain or any similar cause that restricts visibility.

RU ограниченная видимость · NL beperkt zicht · DE verminderte Sicht · FR visibilité réduite · IT visibilità ridotta · ES visibilidad reducida

Risk of collision

Deemed to exist when the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change.

RU опасность столкновения · NL gevaar voor aanvaring · DE Gefahr eines Zusammenstoßes · FR risque d'abordage · IT rischio di collisione · ES riesgo de abordaje

Roller furling (furling genoa)

A headsail that rolls around its own stay to be stowed or reefed.

RU генуя на закрутке (закрутка) · NL rolfok (rolgenua) · DE Rollgenua (Rollreffanlage) · FR génois sur enrouleur · IT genoa avvolgibile (rollafiocco) · ES génova enrollable

Rolling hitch

A hitch that grips along a rope or spar and takes a load in one direction.

RU стопорный узел · NL rollende steek · DE Stopperstek · FR nœud de bosse · IT nodo parlato doppio (nodo del bozzello) · ES nudo de boza (vuelta de braza)

Rope clutch (jammer)

A lever device that holds a loaded line and frees the winch.

RU стопор · NL valstopper · DE Fallenstopper · FR bloqueur · IT stopper · ES mordaza (stopper)

Round turn and two half hitches

A round turn on the post, then two half hitches — a secure hitch that can be released under load.

RU шлаг и два полуштыка · NL rondtorn met twee halve steken · DE Rundtörn mit zwei halben Schlägen · FR tour mort et deux demi-clés · IT giro di volta con due mezzi colli · ES vuelta redonda y dos cotes

Routine

Ordinary radio traffic with no priority.

RU обычная связь · NL routineverkeer · DE Routineverkehr · FR trafic de routine · IT traffico ordinario (routine) · ES tráfico ordinario (rutina)

Rudder

The blade at the stern that steers the boat; turned by the tiller or the wheel.

RU руль (перо руля) · NL roer · DE Ruder · FR gouvernail (safran) · IT timone · ES timón

Rule of twelfths

The height of tide changes by 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1 twelfths of the range in the six hours between low and high water.

RU правило двенадцатых · NL twaalfdenregel · DE Zwölftelregel · FR règle des douzièmes · IT regola dei dodicesimi · ES regla de los doceavos

Run (running)

Sailing with the wind from astern, about 160–180° off the wind.

RU фордевинд · NL voor de wind · DE Vorwindkurs (vor dem Wind) · FR vent arrière · IT poppa (andatura di poppa) · ES popa (en popa; empopada)

Running fix

A fix from two bearings of the same object taken some time apart, the first transferred along the course.

RU крюйс-пеленг · NL peiling met verzeiling · DE Versegelungspeilung · FR relèvement transporté (point par relèvements successifs) · IT rilevamento trasportato · ES demora trasladada

Running rigging

The ropes that set and trim the sails: halyards, sheets, control lines.

RU бегучий такелаж · NL lopend want · DE laufendes Gut · FR gréement courant · IT manovre correnti · ES jarcia de labor

S

Safe speed

A speed at which the vessel can take proper action to avoid collision and stop within a suitable distance.

RU безопасная скорость · NL veilige vaart · DE sichere Geschwindigkeit · FR vitesse de sécurité · IT velocità di sicurezza · ES velocidad de seguridad

Safe water mark

A mark with navigable water all round: red and white vertical stripes, one red ball.

RU знак осевой (чистой воды) · NL veilig vaarwater · DE Zeichen für sicheres Fahrwasser · FR marque d'eaux saines · IT segnale di acque sicure · ES marca de aguas navegables

Safety call (SÉCURITÉ)

A message containing an important navigational or meteorological warning.

RU вызов безопасности · NL veiligheidsoproep · DE Sicherheitsruf · FR appel de sécurité · IT chiamata di sicurezza · ES llamada de seguridad

Safety harness and tether

The harness worn by the crew and the line that clips it to the jackstay or a strong point.

RU страховочная обвязка и строп · NL harnas en lifeline · DE Lifebelt (Sicherheitsgurt) und Sorgleine · FR harnais et longe · IT imbragatura e cima di sicurezza · ES arnés y línea de seguridad

Sailing vessel

A vessel under sail, provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.

RU парусное судно · NL zeilschip · DE Segelfahrzeug · FR navire à voile · IT nave a vela · ES buque de vela

Saloon

The main living space below deck, with the table and seating.

RU салон (кают-компания) · NL salon · DE Salon · FR carré · IT quadrato (dinette) · ES salón

SAR

Search and rescue.

RU поиск и спасание · NL opsporing en redding · DE SAR (Suche und Rettung) · FR SAR (recherche et sauvetage) · IT SAR (ricerca e soccorso) · ES SAR (búsqueda y salvamento)

SART

The radar transponder that shows a line of dots on a rescuer's radar screen.

RU радиолокационный ответчик · NL radartransponder · DE SART (Radartransponder) · FR SART (répondeur radar) · IT SART (transponder radar) · ES SART (respondedor de radar)

Say again

The standard request to repeat a message (never “repeat”, which has another meaning).

RU повторите · NL herhaal (say again) · DE wiederholen Sie (say again) · FR répétez (say again) · IT ripetere (say again) · ES repita (say again)

Scale (chart)

The ratio between a distance on the chart and the real distance.

RU масштаб · NL schaal · DE Maßstab · FR échelle · IT scala · ES escala

Scope (anchor)

The length of chain let out, given as a multiple of the depth: 3–5 times for chain.

RU длина вытравленной цепи (кратность) · NL ankerketting lengte (scope) · DE Kettenlänge (Scope) · FR longueur de chaîne (rapport) · IT calumo · ES longitud de cadena filada

Sea area

The GMDSS sea areas A1–A4, defined by the radio coverage available.

RU морской район ГМССБ · NL zeegebied · DE Seegebiet (A1–A4) · FR zone océanique (A1–A4) · IT area marittima (A1–A4) · ES zona marítima (A1–A4)

Sea breeze

The daytime wind blowing from the cooler sea onto the warming land.

RU морской бриз · NL zeewind · DE Seewind · FR brise de mer · IT brezza di mare · ES brisa marina (virazón)

Sea state

The height and character of the waves, described by the Douglas scale.

RU состояние моря · NL zeegang · DE Seegang · FR état de la mer · IT stato del mare · ES estado de la mar

Seacock

A valve on a through-hull fitting that shuts off the sea water.

RU кингстон · NL afsluiter (buitenboordkraan) · DE Seeventil · FR vanne de coque · IT presa a mare (valvola) · ES grifo de fondo

Secrecy

The duty not to divulge or use radio traffic not intended for you.

RU тайна связи · NL geheimhouding · DE Fernmeldegeheimnis · FR secret des correspondances · IT segreto delle comunicazioni · ES secreto de las comunicaciones

Sécurité

The spoken safety signal: an important navigational or meteorological warning follows.

RU сигнал безопасности · NL veiligheid · DE SÉCURITÉ (Sicherheitssignal) · FR SÉCURITÉ (signal de sécurité) · IT SÉCURITÉ (segnale di sicurezza) · ES SÉCURITÉ (señal de seguridad)

Seelonce Mayday

The order for radio silence on the distress frequency, given by the station controlling the distress traffic.

RU тишина в эфире (бедствие) · NL radiostilte · DE SEELONCE MAYDAY (Funkstille) · FR SEELONCE MAYDAY (silence radio) · IT SEELONCE MAYDAY (silenzio radio) · ES SEELONCE MAYDAY (silencio radio)

Set and rate (of the tidal stream)

The direction the stream flows towards and its speed.

RU направление и скорость течения · NL stroomrichting en -snelheid · DE Stromrichtung und -geschwindigkeit · FR direction et vitesse du courant · IT direzione e velocità della corrente · ES dirección e intensidad de la corriente · US: set and drift · UK: set and rate

Sheet

The rope that trims a sail in or out.

RU шкот · NL schoot · DE Schot · FR écoute · IT scotta · ES escota

Sheet bend

The bend used to join two ropes of different size.

RU шкотовый узел · NL schootsteek · DE Schotstek · FR nœud d'écoute · IT nodo bandiera (nodo di scotta) · ES nudo de escota (vuelta de escota)

Shelter

A harbour, bay or lee where the boat is protected from wind and sea.

RU укрытие · NL beschutting · DE Schutz (geschützter Ankerplatz) · FR abri · IT ridosso (riparo) · ES abrigo

Ship station

The radio station on board a vessel.

RU судовая радиостанция · NL scheepsstation · DE Schiffsfunkstelle · FR station de navire · IT stazione di nave · ES estación de barco

Ship station licence

The licence for the ship's radio equipment, issued to the vessel with call sign and MMSI.

RU лицензия на радиостанцию · NL registratie / machtiging · DE Schiffsfunklizenz (Frequenzzuteilung) · FR licence de station de navire · IT licenza di stazione di nave · ES licencia de estación de barco

Short blast

A blast of about one second's duration.

RU короткий звук · NL korte stoot · DE kurzer Ton · FR son bref · IT suono breve · ES pitada corta

Shower

A short period of rain from a cumulus cloud; wind gusts with it.

RU ливень · NL bui · DE Schauer · FR averse · IT rovescio · ES chubasco

Shrouds

The wires that hold the mast from the sides, over the spreaders.

RU ванты · NL wanten · DE Wanten · FR haubans · IT sartie · ES obenques

Sidelights

A green light to starboard and a red light to port, each showing over 112.5° from right ahead to 22.5° abaft the beam.

RU бортовые огни · NL boordlichten · DE Seitenlichter · FR feux de côté · IT fanali laterali · ES luces de costado

Simplex

Transmitting and receiving on the same frequency, one station at a time.

RU симплекс · NL simplex · DE Simplex · FR simplex · IT simplex · ES símplex

Sloop

A rig with one mast, a mainsail and one headsail — the most common cruising rig.

RU шлюп · NL sloep · DE Slup · FR sloop · IT sloop · ES balandro (sloop)

Softwood bung

A tapered wooden plug hammered into a failed through-hull or seacock.

RU деревянная пробка (чоп) · NL houten noodplug · DE Holzpfropfen (Leckpfropfen) · FR pinoche · IT tappo di legno (cuneo) · ES espiche (tapón de madera)

SOLAS

The international convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974.

RU СОЛАС-74 · NL SOLAS-verdrag · DE SOLAS · FR SOLAS · IT SOLAS · ES SOLAS

Special mark

A yellow mark indicating a special area or feature, not primarily to assist navigation.

RU знак специального назначения · NL bijzondere markering · DE Sonderzeichen · FR marque spéciale · IT segnale speciale · ES marca especial

Speed log

The instrument that measures speed and distance through the water.

RU лаг · NL log · DE Logge (Fahrtmesser) · FR loch · IT solcometro (log) · ES corredera

Spinnaker

A large, light downwind sail flown from the masthead, set with a pole.

RU спинакер · NL spinnaker · DE Spinnaker · FR spi (spinnaker) · IT spinnaker · ES espináquer (spinnaker)

Spinnaker pole / whisker pole

The pole that holds the clew of a spinnaker or a poled-out headsail to windward.

RU спинакер-гик, выстрел · NL spinnakerboom · DE Spinnakerbaum · FR tangon · IT tangone · ES tangón

Spotter (MOB)

The crew member who keeps the person in the water in sight and points at them without a break until the recovery.

RU смотрящий · NL uitkijk (spotter) · DE Ausguck · FR vigie · IT vedetta · ES vigía

Spreaders

The horizontal struts on the mast that push the shrouds outward.

RU краспицы · NL zalingen · DE Salinge · FR barres de flèche · IT crocette · ES crucetas

Springs

The tides of greatest range, near new and full moon.

RU сизигийный прилив · NL springtij · DE Springtide · FR vives-eaux (marées de vive-eau) · IT maree sizigiali · ES mareas vivas (de sizigia)

Squall

A sudden violent increase of wind, often with rain, under a cumulonimbus.

RU шквал · NL bui · DE Böe (Sturmbö) · FR grain · IT groppo · ES turbonada

Squelch

The control that mutes the receiver's noise until a signal is strong enough.

RU шумоподавитель · NL squelch · DE Rauschsperre (Squelch) · FR squelch · IT squelch · ES silenciador (squelch)

SRC

The Short Range Certificate: the operator's certificate for VHF with DSC.

RU сертификат ближнего района · NL SRC · DE SRC (Short Range Certificate) · FR CRR (certificat restreint de radiotéléphoniste) / SRC · IT SRC (certificato a corto raggio) · ES SRC (certificado de corto alcance)

Stanchion

The vertical post that carries the guardrail wires.

RU леерная стойка · NL relingsteun (scepter) · DE Relingsstütze · FR chandelier · IT candeliere · ES candelero

Stand-on vessel

The vessel that keeps her course and speed; she may act to avoid collision when the other does not, and must when collision cannot be avoided by the give-way vessel alone.

RU судно, сохраняющее курс и скорость · NL schip dat koers en vaart moet behouden · DE Kurshalter · FR navire privilégié · IT nave che deve mantenere rotta e velocità · ES buque que sigue a rumbo · US: privileged vessel (obsolete)

Standing rigging

The fixed wires that hold the mast up: forestay, backstay, shrouds.

RU стоячий такелаж · NL staand want · DE stehendes Gut · FR gréement dormant · IT manovre fisse (sartiame) · ES jarcia firme

Starboard (side)

The right-hand side of the boat when facing forward; marked by the green sidelight.

RU правый борт · NL stuurboord · DE Steuerbord · FR tribord · IT dritta (tribordo) · ES estribor

STCW

The international convention on training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers.

RU ПДНВ-78 · NL STCW-verdrag · DE STCW · FR STCW · IT STCW · ES STCW

Stern

The after (rear) end of the boat.

RU корма · NL achtersteven (hek) · DE Heck · FR poupe (arrière) · IT poppa · ES popa

Stern line

The mooring line from the stern aft to the shore.

RU кормовой швартов · NL achterlandvast · DE Achterleine · FR amarre arrière · IT cima di poppa · ES amarra de popa

Stern spring

The line from the stern forward to the shore that stops the boat moving ahead.

RU кормовой шпринг · NL achterspring · DE Achterspring · FR garde arrière · IT spring di poppa · ES esprín de popa

Sternlight

A white light at the stern showing over 135°, 67.5° on each side from right aft.

RU кормовой огонь · NL heklicht · DE Hecklicht · FR feu de poupe · IT fanale di poppa · ES luz de alcance

Storm jib

A small, very strong headsail for heavy weather.

RU штормовой стаксель · NL stormfok · DE Sturmfock · FR tourmentin · IT tormentina · ES tormentín

Swell

Long waves that have travelled from a distant wind system.

RU зыбь · NL deining · DE Dünung · FR houle · IT onda lunga (mare lungo) · ES mar de fondo

Swinging circle

The circle the anchored boat can swing through on its chain.

RU круг качания · NL zwaaicirkel · DE Schwojkreis · FR cercle d'évitage · IT cerchio di evoluzione (ruota) · ES círculo de borneo

T

Tack (corner of a sail)

The lower forward corner of a sail.

RU галсовый угол · NL halshoek · DE Hals · FR point d'amure · IT angolo di mura (mura) · ES puño de amura

Tack (port / starboard tack)

The side from which the wind blows — in the COLREGs, the side opposite to the one on which the mainsail is carried.

RU галс (левый / правый) · NL boeg (over bakboord / stuurboord) · DE Bug (Backbordbug / Steuerbordbug) · FR amure (bâbord / tribord amures) · IT mure (mure a sinistra / a dritta) · ES amura (amurado a babor / estribor)

Tacking (going about)

Turning the bow through the wind so that the wind comes onto the other side.

RU поворот оверштаг · NL overstag gaan · DE Wende · FR virement de bord (virer vent devant) · IT virata · ES virada por avante

Telltale

A short ribbon on the sail that shows the air flow and tells you how to trim.

RU колдунчик · NL verklikker · DE Windfaden (Verklicker) · FR penon · IT filetto (segnavento) · ES catavientos

Three-point fix

A fix from the bearings of three objects spread around the horizon.

RU место по трём пеленгам · NL kruispeiling · DE Kreuzpeilung (Dreipeilung) · FR point par trois relèvements · IT punto con tre rilevamenti · ES situación por tres demoras

Throttle

The lever that controls engine speed.

RU газ (рукоятка газа) · NL gashendel · DE Gashebel · FR manette des gaz · IT manetta del gas · ES acelerador

Through-hull fitting

An opening through the hull below the waterline for an intake or a drain.

RU забортное отверстие · NL huiddoorvoer · DE Borddurchlass · FR passe-coque · IT passascafo · ES pasacascos

Tidal diamond

The lettered diamond on the chart that refers to a table of tidal stream set and rate.

RU ромб течения на карте · NL stroomruit · DE Stromraute (Gezeitenstromraute) · FR losange de courant · IT rombo di corrente · ES rombo de corrientes

Tidal stream

The horizontal flow of water caused by the tide.

RU приливное течение · NL getijstroom · DE Gezeitenstrom · FR courant de marée · IT corrente di marea · ES corriente de marea

Tide tables

The predicted times and heights of high and low water for a port.

RU таблицы приливов · NL getijtafels · DE Gezeitentafeln · FR annuaire des marées (tables de marée) · IT tavole di marea · ES tablas de mareas (anuario de mareas)

Tiller

The lever fitted to the rudder stock; pushed to one side, it turns the bow the other way.

RU румпель · NL helmstok · DE Pinne · FR barre franche · IT barra del timone · ES caña del timón

Topmark

The shape on top of a mark that identifies its type.

RU топовая фигура · NL topteken · DE Toppzeichen · FR voyant · IT miraglio · ES marca de tope

Topping lift

The line from the masthead that holds up the end of the boom when the mainsail is down.

RU топенант · NL dirk · DE Dirk · FR balancine · IT amantiglio · ES amantillo

Towing light

A yellow light with the same characteristics as the sternlight, shown by a vessel towing.

RU буксировочный огонь · NL sleeplicht · DE Schlepplicht · FR feu de remorquage · IT fanale di rimorchio · ES luz de remolque

Traffic separation scheme (TSS)

A routeing measure with lanes and a separation zone; crossed on a heading at right angles to the traffic flow.

RU система разделения движения · NL verkeersscheidingsstelsel · DE Verkehrstrennungsgebiet · FR dispositif de séparation du trafic · IT schema di separazione del traffico · ES dispositivo de separación del tráfico

Transit

Two objects seen in line; a position line needing no compass.

RU створ (два предмета в линию) · NL inéén (in één lijn) · DE Deckpeilung · FR alignement (deux amers en ligne) · IT allineamento (due punti cospicui) · ES enfilación

Traveller

The track and car across the cockpit on which the mainsheet block slides.

RU погон гика-шкота · NL overloop (traveller) · DE Traveller · FR chariot d'écoute de grand-voile · IT trasto (carrello della randa) · ES carro de escota de mayor · US: traveler · UK: traveller

True north

The direction of the geographic North Pole, the reference of the chart.

RU истинный норд · NL ware noord · DE rechtweisend Nord · FR nord vrai (nord géographique) · IT nord vero (nord geografico) · ES norte verdadero (geográfico)

True wind

The wind over the sea as felt from a stationary point.

RU истинный ветер · NL ware wind · DE wahrer Wind · FR vent réel · IT vento reale · ES viento real

U

Under-keel clearance

The depth of water between the bottom of the keel and the seabed.

RU запас воды под килем · NL kielspeling · DE Kielfreiheit · FR pied de pilote · IT margine sotto chiglia · ES resguardo bajo la quilla

Underway

Not at anchor, not made fast to the shore and not aground.

RU на ходу · NL varende · DE in Fahrt · FR faisant route · IT in navigazione · ES en navegación

Urgency call (PAN PAN)

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a vessel or person, short of distress.

RU вызов срочности · NL spoedoproep · DE Dringlichkeitsruf · FR appel d'urgence · IT chiamata di urgenza · ES llamada de urgencia

V

Variation

The angle between true north and magnetic north at a place; from the compass rose.

RU магнитное склонение · NL variatie · DE Missweisung (Deklination) · FR déclinaison magnétique · IT declinazione magnetica (variazione) · ES declinación magnética

Veering (wind)

The wind direction changing clockwise, e.g. from south to west.

RU поворот ветра по часовой · NL ruimen · DE rechtdrehender Wind · FR vent qui tourne dans le sens horaire (refuse / adonne selon le bord) · IT vento che ruota in senso orario · ES viento que rola a la derecha

Vessel constrained by her draught

A power-driven vessel severely restricted by her draught in the available depth and width of water.

RU судно, стеснённое своей осадкой · NL schip beperkt door diepgang · DE tiefgangbehindertes Fahrzeug · FR navire handicapé par son tirant d'eau · IT nave condizionata dal pescaggio · ES buque restringido por su calado

Vessel engaged in fishing

A vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other gear that restricts manoeuvrability — not trolling lines.

RU судно, занятое ловом рыбы · NL vissend schip · DE fischendes Fahrzeug · FR navire en train de pêcher · IT nave intenta alla pesca · ES buque dedicado a la pesca

Vessel not under command (NUC)

A vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by the rules.

RU судно, лишённое возможности управляться · NL onmanoeuvreerbaar schip · DE manövrierunfähiges Fahrzeug · FR navire qui n'est pas maître de sa manœuvre · IT nave che non governa · ES buque sin gobierno

Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre (RAM)

A vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.

RU судно, ограниченное в возможности маневрировать · NL beperkt manoeuvreerbaar schip · DE manövrierbehindertes Fahrzeug · FR navire à capacité de manœuvre restreinte · IT nave con manovrabilità limitata · ES buque con capacidad de maniobra restringida

VHF

The marine VHF radio (156–174 MHz): the yacht's main means of communication within about 20–30 miles.

RU УКВ-радиостанция · NL marifoon · DE UKW-Seefunkgerät · FR VHF marine · IT VHF (radio VHF marina) · ES VHF (radio VHF marina)

Visibility

The greatest distance at which an object can be seen.

RU видимость · NL zicht · DE Sicht (Sichtweite) · FR visibilité · IT visibilità · ES visibilidad

W

Warm front

The boundary where warm air rides up over cold air: lowering cloud, steady rain, backing then veering wind.

RU тёплый фронт · NL warmtefront · DE Warmfront · FR front chaud · IT fronte caldo · ES frente cálido

Water track

The direction the boat moves through the water: heading corrected for leeway.

RU путь по воде · NL behouden ware koers (BWK) · DE Kurs durchs Wasser · FR route surface · IT rotta rispetto all'acqua · ES rumbo de superficie

Waterline

The line where the hull meets the surface of the water.

RU ватерлиния · NL waterlijn · DE Wasserlinie · FR ligne de flottaison · IT linea di galleggiamento · ES línea de flotación

Waypoint

A position entered in the plotter as a point of the route.

RU путевая точка · NL waypoint · DE Wegpunkt · FR waypoint (point de route) · IT waypoint (punto di rotta) · ES waypoint (punto de ruta)

Weather forecast

The prediction of wind, sea and visibility for the area and period of the passage.

RU прогноз погоды · NL weersverwachting · DE Wettervorhersage · FR prévisions météo (bulletin météo) · IT previsioni meteo · ES previsión meteorológica (parte)

Wheel (steering)

The steering wheel; turned to starboard, the bow goes to starboard, like a car.

RU штурвал · NL stuurwiel · DE Steuerrad · FR barre à roue · IT ruota del timone · ES rueda del timón

Whistle (horn)

The sound signalling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts.

RU тифон (свисток, горн) · NL hoorn (misthoorn) · DE Signalhorn (Pfeife) · FR sifflet (corne de brume) · IT fischio (tromba da nebbia) · ES pito (bocina)

Winch

The drum that gives the crew the power to haul sheets and halyards.

RU лебёдка · NL lier · DE Winsch · FR winch · IT winch · ES winche (molinete)

Winch handle

The removable handle that turns the winch.

RU ручка лебёдки · NL lierhendel (lierkruk) · DE Winschkurbel · FR manivelle de winch · IT maniglia del winch · ES manivela de winche

Windlass

The winch at the bow that hauls the anchor chain.

RU брашпиль · NL ankerlier · DE Ankerwinde · FR guindeau · IT verricello (salpancora) · ES molinete

Windward / leeward

The side towards the wind / the side away from the wind.

RU наветренный / подветренный · NL loef / lij · DE Luv / Lee · FR au vent / sous le vent · IT sopravento / sottovento · ES barlovento / sotavento

Working channel

A channel other than 16 on which the actual conversation takes place.

RU рабочий канал · NL werkkanaal · DE Arbeitskanal · FR canal de travail (canal de dégagement) · IT canale di lavoro · ES canal de trabajo

Wreck

The remains of a sunken vessel; charted as a danger.

RU затонувшее судно · NL wrak · DE Wrack · FR épave · IT relitto · ES naufragio (pecio)

Frequently asked questions

Updated: 2026-10-18